优化或报错有奖字符类匹配一组字符中的任意一个。下表描述了字符类：
| 字符类 | 描述 | 模式 | 匹配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| [character_group] | 匹配一个字符组中的任意单个字符，默认情况下，区分大小写。 | [mn] | "m" in "mat" "m", "n" in "moon" |
| [^character_group] | 匹配一个字符组中的任意不存在的单个字符，默认情况下，区分大小写。 | [^aei] | "v", "l" in "avail" |
| [ first - last ] | 字符范围：从第一到最后匹配范围内的任何单个字符。 | (\w+)\t | "Name\t", "Addr\t" in "Name\tAddr\t" |
| . | 通配符：匹配除\n 之外的任何单个字符。 | a.e | "ave" in "have" "ate" in "mate" |
| \p{ name } | 匹配Unicode通用类别或由name指定的命名区块中的任意单个字符。 | \p{Lu} | "C", "L" in "City Lights" |
| \P{ name } | 匹配不在Unicode通用类别或由name指定的命名区块中的任意单个字符。 | \P{Lu} | "i", "t", "y" in "City" |
| \w | 匹配任意单词字符 | \w | "R", "o", "m" and "1" in "Room#1" |
| \W | 匹配任意非单词字符 | \W | "#" in "Room#1" |
| \s | 匹配任何空白字符 | \w\s | "D " in "ID A1.3" |
| \S | 匹配任何非空白字符 | \s\S | " _" in "int __ctr" |
| \d | 匹配任意数字 | \d | "4" in "4 = IV" |
| \D | 匹配任意非数字 | \D | " ", "=", " ", "I", "V" in "4 = IV" |
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