委托(Delegates)示例
假设对象A调用B来执行一项操作,操作一旦完成,对象A就必须知道对象B已完成任务且对象A将执行其他必要操作。
在上面的示例中的关键概念有
- A是B的委托对象
- B引用一个A
- A将实现B的委托方法
- B通过委托方法通知
创建一个委托(Delegates)对象
1. 创建一个单一视图的应用程序
2. 然后选择文件 File -> New -> File...
3. 然后选择Objective C单击下一步
4. 将SampleProtocol的子类命名为NSObject,如下所示
5. 然后选择创建
6.向SampleProtocol.h文件夹中添加一种协议,然后更新代码,如下所示:
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- // 协议定义
- @protocol SampleProtocolDelegate <NSObject>
- @required
- - (void) processCompleted;
- @end
- // 协议定义结束
- @interface SampleProtocol : NSObject
- {
- // Delegate to respond back
- id <SampleProtocolDelegate> _delegate;
- }
- @property (nonatomic,strong) id delegate;
- -(void)startSampleProcess; // Instance method
- @end
7.修改 SampleProtocol.m 文件代码,实现实例方法:
- #import "SampleProtocol.h"
- @implementation SampleProtocol
- -(void)startSampleProcess{
- [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:3.0 target:self.delegate
- selector:@selector(processCompleted) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
- }
- @end
8. 将标签从对象库拖到UIView,从而在ViewController.xib中添加UILabel,如下所示:
9. 创建一个IBOutlet标签并命名为myLabel,然后按如下所示更新代码并在ViewController.h里显示SampleProtocolDelegate
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- #import "SampleProtocol.h"
- @interface ViewController : UIViewController<SampleProtocolDelegate>
- {
- IBOutlet UILabel *myLabel;
- }
- @end
10. 完成授权方法,为SampleProtocol创建对象和调用startSampleProcess方法。如下所示,更新ViewController.m文件
- #import "ViewController.h"
- @interface ViewController ()
- @end
- @implementation ViewController
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- SampleProtocol *sampleProtocol = [[SampleProtocol alloc]init];
- sampleProtocol.delegate = self;
- [myLabel setText:@"Processing..."];
- [sampleProtocol startSampleProcess];
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- }
- - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
- {
- [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
- // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
- }
- #pragma mark - Sample protocol delegate
- -(void)processCompleted{
- [myLabel setText:@"Process Completed"];
- }
- @end
11. 将看到如下所示的输出结果,最初的标签也会继续运行,一旦授权方法被SampleProtocol对象所调用,标签运行程序的代码也会更新。
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