数组是可以在两个以上维度中存储数据的R数据对象。 例如 - 如果我们创建一个维度(2,3,4)的数组,则它创建4个矩形矩阵,每个矩阵具有2行和3列。 数组只能存储数据类型。
使用array()函数创建数组。 它使用向量作为输入,并使用dim参数中的值创建数组。
例
以下示例创建一个由两个3x3矩阵组成的数组,每个矩阵具有3行和3列。
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
- vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
- # Take these vectors as input to the array.
- result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
- print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
- , , 1
- [,1] [,2] [,3]
- [1,] 5 10 13
- [2,] 9 11 14
- [3,] 3 12 15
- , , 2
- [,1] [,2] [,3]
- [1,] 5 10 13
- [2,] 9 11 14
- [3,] 3 12 15
命名列和行
我们可以使用dimnames参数给数组中的行,列和矩阵命名。
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
- vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
- column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
- row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
- matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
- # Take these vectors as input to the array.
- result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names,
- matrix.names))
- print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
- , , Matrix1
- COL1 COL2 COL3
- ROW1 5 10 13
- ROW2 9 11 14
- ROW3 3 12 15
- , , Matrix2
- COL1 COL2 COL3
- ROW1 5 10 13
- ROW2 9 11 14
- ROW3 3 12 15
访问数组元素
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
- vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
- column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
- row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
- matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
- # Take these vectors as input to the array.
- result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,
- column.names, matrix.names))
- # Print the third row of the second matrix of the array.
- print(result[3,,2])
- # Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix.
- print(result[1,3,1])
- # Print the 2nd Matrix.
- print(result[,,2])
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
- COL1 COL2 COL3
- 3 12 15
- [1] 13
- COL1 COL2 COL3
- ROW1 5 10 13
- ROW2 9 11 14
- ROW3 3 12 15
操作数组元素
由于数组由多维构成矩阵,所以对数组元素的操作通过访问矩阵的元素来执行。
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
- vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
- # Take these vectors as input to the array.
- array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector3 <- c(9,1,0)
- vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9)
- array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
- # create matrices from these arrays.
- matrix1 <- array1[,,2]
- matrix2 <- array2[,,2]
- # Add the matrices.
- result <- matrix1+matrix2
- print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
- [,1] [,2] [,3]
- [1,] 10 20 26
- [2,] 18 22 28
- [3,] 6 24 30
跨数组元素的计算
我们可以使用apply()函数在数组中的元素上进行计算。
语法
- apply(x, margin, fun)
以下是所使用的参数的说明 -
x是一个数组。
margin是所使用的数据集的名称。
fun是要应用于数组元素的函数。
例
我们使用下面的apply()函数计算所有矩阵中数组行中元素的总和。
- # Create two vectors of different lengths.
- vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
- vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
- # Take these vectors as input to the array.
- new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
- print(new.array)
- # Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices.
- result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum)
- print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
- , , 1
- [,1] [,2] [,3]
- [1,] 5 10 13
- [2,] 9 11 14
- [3,] 3 12 15
- , , 2
- [,1] [,2] [,3]
- [1,] 5 10 13
- [2,] 9 11 14
- [3,] 3 12 15
- [1] 56 68 60
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