本章内容将教你如何使用Struts2 应用程序发送电子邮件。学习前,你需要从JavaMail API 1.4.4下载并安装mail.jar,并将mail.jar文件放在WEB-INF\lib文件夹中,然后继续按照以下标准步骤创建action,视图和配置文件。
创建Action
首先是创建一个Action方法来处理电子邮件发送。让我们创建一个包含以下内容的名为Emailer.java的新类:
- package com.w3xue.struts2;
- import java.util.Properties;
- import javax.mail.Message;
- import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
- import javax.mail.Session;
- import javax.mail.Transport;
- import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
- import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {
- private String from;
- private String password;
- private String to;
- private String subject;
- private String body;
- static Properties properties = new Properties();
- static
- {
- properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
- properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
- properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
- "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
- properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
- properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
- }
- public String execute()
- {
- String ret = SUCCESS;
- try
- {
- Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,
- new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
- protected PasswordAuthentication
- getPasswordAuthentication() {
- return new
- PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
- }});
- Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
- message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
- message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
- InternetAddress.parse(to));
- message.setSubject(subject);
- message.setText(body);
- Transport.send(message);
- }
- catch(Exception e)
- {
- ret = ERROR;
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ret;
- }
- public String getFrom() {
- return from;
- }
- public void setFrom(String from) {
- this.from = from;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- public String getTo() {
- return to;
- }
- public void setTo(String to) {
- this.to = to;
- }
- public String getSubject() {
- return subject;
- }
- public void setSubject(String subject) {
- this.subject = subject;
- }
- public String getBody() {
- return body;
- }
- public void setBody(String body) {
- this.body = body;
- }
- public static Properties getProperties() {
- return properties;
- }
- public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
- Emailer.properties = properties;
- }
- }
如上面的源代码所示,Emailer.java具有与下面给出的email.jsp页面中的表单属性相对应的属,这些属性分别是:
from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用Google的SMTP,因此我们需要有效的gtalk ID。
password - 上述帐户的密码
to - 发送电子邮件给谁?
Subject - 电子邮件的主题
body - 实际的电子邮件内容
我们没有考虑对上述字段的任何验证,验证将在下一章添加。让我们看看execute()方法, execute()方法使用javax Mail库提供的参数发送电子邮件。如果邮件成功发送,action返回SUCCESS,否则返回ERROR。
创建主页
现行编写主页的JSP文件index.jsp,这将用于收集上面提到的电子邮件相关信息:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
- pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Email Form</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server.
- So you need to enter a gmail username and password
- </em>
- <form action="emailer" method="post">
- <label for="from">From</label><br/>
- <input type="text" name="from"/><br/>
- <label for="password">Password</label><br/>
- <input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
- <label for="to">To</label><br/>
- <input type="text" name="to"/><br/>
- <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/>
- <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/>
- <label for="body">Body</label><br/>
- <input type="text" name="body"/><br/>
- <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
创建视图
现在创建success.jsp文件,这在action返回SUCCESS结果的情况下会被调用,但如果从action返回ERROR结果,我们将用另一个视图文件。
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
- pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Email Success</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully.
- </body>
- </html>
以下将是在action返回ERROR的情况下调用的视图文件error.jsp。
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
- pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Email Error</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>.
- </body>
- </html>
配置文件
最后,让我们使用struts.xml配置文件将所有内容放在一起,如下所示:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
- <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="emailer"
- class="com.w3xue.struts2.Emailer"
- method="execute">
- <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
- <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
以下是web.xml文件的内容:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
- id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <display-name>Struts 2</display-name>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
- <filter-class>
- org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
- </filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- </web-app>
现在,右键单击项目名称,然后单击“Export”> “WAR File”以创建WAR文件。然后在Tomcat的webapps目录中部署WAR文件。最后,启动Tomcat服务器并尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp,将显示以下界面:

输入所需的信息,然后单击Send Email按钮。如果一切正常,那么你可以看到以下页面:

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