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SQLite - Java

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安装

在 Java 程序中使用 SQLite 之前，我们需要确保机器上已经有 SQLite JDBC Driver 驱动程序和 Java。可以查看 Java 教程了解如何在计算机上安装 Java。现在，我们来看看如何在机器上安装 SQLite JDBC 驱动程序。

  • 从 sqlite-jdbc 库下载 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar 的最新版本。

  • 在您的 class 路径中添加下载的 jar 文件 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar，或者在 -classpath 选项中使用它，这将在后面的实例中进行讲解。

在学习下面部分的知识之前，您必须对 Java JDBC 概念有初步了解。如果您还未了解相关知识，那么建议您可以先花半个小时学习下 JDBC 教程相关知识，这将有助于您学习接下来讲解的知识。

连接数据库

下面的 Java 程序显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在，那么它就会被创建，最后将返回一个数据库对象。

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     try {
  9.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  10.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  11.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  12.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  13.       System.exit(0);
  14.     }
  15.     System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  16.   }
  17. }

现在，让我们来编译和运行上面的程序，在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 test.db。您可以根据需要改变路径。我们假设当前路径下可用的 JDBC 驱动程序的版本是 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar。

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Open database successfully

如果您想要使用 Windows 机器，可以按照下列所示编译和运行您的代码：

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Opened database successfully

创建表

下面的 Java 程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表：

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     Statement stmt = null;
  9.     try {
  10.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  11.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  12.       System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  13.  
  14.       stmt = c.createStatement();
  15.       String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
  16.                    "(ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL," +
  17.                    " NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL, " + 
  18.                    " AGE            INT     NOT NULL, " + 
  19.                    " ADDRESS        CHAR(50), " + 
  20.                    " SALARY         REAL)"; 
  21.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  22.       stmt.close();
  23.       c.close();
  24.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  25.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  26.       System.exit(0);
  27.     }
  28.     System.out.println("Table created successfully");
  29.   }
  30. }

上述程序编译和执行时，它会在 test.db 中创建 COMPANY 表，最终文件列表如下所示：

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    1506 May  8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     832 May  8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3072 May  8 05:43 test.db

INSERT 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何在上面创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录：

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     Statement stmt = null;
  9.     try {
  10.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  11.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  12.       c.setAutoCommit(false);
  13.       System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  14.  
  15.       stmt = c.createStatement();
  16.       String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
  17.                    "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );"; 
  18.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  19.  
  20.       sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
  21.             "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );"; 
  22.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  23.  
  24.       sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
  25.             "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );"; 
  26.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  27.  
  28.       sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
  29.             "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; 
  30.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  31.  
  32.       stmt.close();
  33.       c.commit();
  34.       c.close();
  35.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  36.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  37.       System.exit(0);
  38.     }
  39.     System.out.println("Records created successfully");
  40.   }
  41. }

上述程序编译和执行时，它会在 COMPANY 表中创建给定记录，并会显示以下两行：

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

下面的 Java 程序显示了如何从前面创建的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示记录：

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     Statement stmt = null;
  9.     try {
  10.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  11.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  12.       c.setAutoCommit(false);
  13.       System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  14.  
  15.       stmt = c.createStatement();
  16.       ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
  17.       while ( rs.next() ) {
  18.          int id = rs.getInt("id");
  19.          String  name = rs.getString("name");
  20.          int age  = rs.getInt("age");
  21.          String  address = rs.getString("address");
  22.          float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
  23.          System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
  24.          System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
  25.          System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
  26.          System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
  27.          System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
  28.          System.out.println();
  29.       }
  30.       rs.close();
  31.       stmt.close();
  32.       c.close();
  33.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  34.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  35.       System.exit(0);
  36.     }
  37.     System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
  38.   }
  39. }

上述程序编译和执行时，它会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录：

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     Statement stmt = null;
  9.     try {
  10.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  11.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  12.       c.setAutoCommit(false);
  13.       System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  14.  
  15.       stmt = c.createStatement();
  16.       String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
  17.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  18.       c.commit();
  19.  
  20.       ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
  21.       while ( rs.next() ) {
  22.          int id = rs.getInt("id");
  23.          String  name = rs.getString("name");
  24.          int age  = rs.getInt("age");
  25.          String  address = rs.getString("address");
  26.          float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
  27.          System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
  28.          System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
  29.          System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
  30.          System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
  31.          System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
  32.          System.out.println();
  33.       }
  34.       rs.close();
  35.       stmt.close();
  36.       c.close();
  37.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  38.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  39.       System.exit(0);
  40.     }
  41.     System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
  42.   }
  43. }

上述程序编译和执行时，它会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录：

  1. import java.sql.*;
  2.  
  3. public class SQLiteJDBC
  4. {
  5.   public static void main( String args[] )
  6.   {
  7.     Connection c = null;
  8.     Statement stmt = null;
  9.     try {
  10.       Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
  11.       c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
  12.       c.setAutoCommit(false);
  13.       System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
  14.  
  15.       stmt = c.createStatement();
  16.       String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
  17.       stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
  18.       c.commit();
  19.  
  20.       ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
  21.       while ( rs.next() ) {
  22.          int id = rs.getInt("id");
  23.          String  name = rs.getString("name");
  24.          int age  = rs.getInt("age");
  25.          String  address = rs.getString("address");
  26.          float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
  27.          System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
  28.          System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
  29.          System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
  30.          System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
  31.          System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
  32.          System.out.println();
  33.       }
  34.       rs.close();
  35.       stmt.close();
  36.       c.close();
  37.     } catch ( Exception e ) {
  38.       System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
  39.       System.exit(0);
  40.     }
  41.     System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
  42.   }
  43. }

上述程序编译和执行时，它会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully
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