SQLite Unions 子句

语法

UNION 的基本语法如下：

SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]
 
UNION
 
SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]

这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。

实例

假设有下面两个表，（1）COMPANY 表如下所示：

sqlite> select * from COMPANY;
ID          NAME                  AGE         ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  --------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           Paul                  32          California  20000.0
2           Allen                 25          Texas       15000.0
3           Teddy                 23          Norway      20000.0
4           Mark                  25          Rich-Mond   65000.0
5           David                 27          Texas       85000.0
6           Kim                   22          South-Hall  45000.0
7           James                 24          Houston     10000.0

（2）另一个表是 DEPARTMENT，如下所示：

ID          DEPT                  EMP_ID
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           IT Billing            1
2           Engineering           2
3           Finance               7
4           Engineering           3
5           Finance               4
6           Engineering           5
7           Finance               6

现在，让我们使用 SELECT 语句及 UNION 子句来连接两个表，如下所示：

sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT
        ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID
   UNION
     SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT
        ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;

这将产生以下结果：

EMP_ID      NAME                  DEPT
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           Paul                  IT Billing
2           Allen                 Engineerin
3           Teddy                 Engineerin
4           Mark                  Finance
5           David                 Engineerin
6           Kim                   Finance
7           James                 Finance

UNION ALL 子句

UNION ALL 运算符用于结合两个 SELECT 语句的结果，包括重复行。

适用于 UNION 的规则同样适用于 UNION ALL 运算符。

语法

UNION ALL 的基本语法如下：

SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]
 
UNION ALL
 
SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]

这里给定的条件根据需要可以是任何表达式。

实例

现在，让我们使用 SELECT 语句及 UNION ALL 子句来连接两个表，如下所示：

sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT
        ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID
   UNION ALL
     SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT
        ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;

这将产生以下结果：

EMP_ID      NAME                  DEPT
----------  --------------------  ----------
1           Paul                  IT Billing
2           Allen                 Engineerin
3           Teddy                 Engineerin
4           Mark                  Finance
5           David                 Engineerin
6           Kim                   Finance
7           James                 Finance
1           Paul                  IT Billing
2           Allen                 Engineerin
3           Teddy                 Engineerin
4           Mark                  Finance
5           David                 Engineerin
6           Kim                   Finance
7           James                 Finance

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