Django forms组件的使用教程

来源：jb51　　时间：2018/10/10 8:47:25　　对本文有异议

编写Django的form表单，非常类似我们在模型系统里编写一个模型。在模型中，一个字段代表数据表的一列，而form表单中的一个字段代表<form>中的一个<input>元素。

一，forms组件：

校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
  name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
  email=models.EmailField()
  tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

模板: register.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
 
</head>
<body>
 
<form action="" method="post">
  {% csrf_token %} 
  <div>
    <label for="user">用户名</label>
    <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
  </div>
  <div>
    <label for="pwd">密码</label>
    <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
  </div>
  <div>
    <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
    <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
  </div>
   <div>
    <label for="email">邮箱</label>
    <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
  </div>
  <input type="submit">
</form>
 
</body>
</html>

视图函数：register

# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets
 
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
 
class UserForm(forms.Form):
  name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
             widget=wid_01
             )
  pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
  r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
  email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
  tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
 
def register(request):
 
  if request.method=="POST":
    form=UserForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
    else:
      print(form.cleaned_data)    #
      print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
      print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
    return HttpResponse("OK")
  form=UserForm()
  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

1，渲染标签功能

渲染方式1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
 
        <form action="" method="post">
          {% csrf_token %}
          <div>
            <label for="">用户名</label>
            {{ form.name }}
          </div>
          <div>
            <label for="">密码</label>
            {{ form.pwd }}
          </div>
          <div>
            <label for="">确认密码</label>
            {{ form.r_pwd }}
          </div>
          <div>
            <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
            {{ form.email }}
          </div>
 
          <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
        </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

渲染方式2

<form action="" method="post">
          {% csrf_token %}
 
          {% for field in form %}
            <div>
              <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
              {{ field }}
            </div>
          {% endfor %}
          <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
 
</form>

渲染方式3

<form action="" method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}
 
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
 
</form>

2，显示错误与重置输入信息功能

视图

def register(request):
 
  if request.method=="POST":
    form=UserForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
    else:
      print(form.cleaned_data)    #
      print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
      print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())
  form=UserForm()
  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
  {% csrf_token %}
 
  {% for field in form %}
    <div>
      <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
      {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
    </div>
  {% endfor %}
  <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
 
</form>

3，局部钩子与全局钩子

模板

# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets
 
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
 
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
  name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
             widget=wid_01
             )
  pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
  r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
  email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
  tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
 
  # 局部钩子
  def clean_name(self):
    val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
    if not val.isdigit():
      return val
    else:
      raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")
 
  # 全局钩子
 
  def clean(self):
    pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
    r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
 
    if pwd==r_pwd:
      return self.cleaned_data
    else:
      raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')
 
def register(request):
 
  if request.method=="POST":
    form=UserForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
    else:
      clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")
 
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())
  form=UserForm()
  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

视图

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
      {% csrf_token %}
 
      {% for field in form %}
        <div>
          <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
          {{ field }}
          <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">
             {% if field.label == 'R pwd' %}
             <span>{{ clean_error.0 }}</span>
             {% endif %}
             {{ field.errors.0 }}
          </span>
        </div>
      {% endfor %}
      <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
 
</form>