前言
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring官方基于Spring 5.0,Spring Boot 2.0和Project Reactor等技术开发的网关,Spring Cloud Gateway旨在为微服务架构提供一种简单而有效的统一的API路由管理方式。Spring Cloud Gateway作为Spring Cloud生态系中的网关,目标是替代Netflix ZUUL,其不仅提供统一的路由方式,并且基于Filter链的方式提供了网关基本的功能,例如:安全,监控/埋点,和限流等。

Spring Cloud Gateway 的特征:
基于 Spring Framework 5,Project Reactor 和 Spring Boot 2.0动态路由
Predicates 和 Filters 作用于特定路由
集成 Hystrix 断路器
集成 Spring Cloud DiscoveryClient
易于编写的 Predicates 和 Filters
限流
路径重写
Spring Cloud Gateway中的全局异常处理不能直接用@ControllerAdvice来处理,通过跟踪异常信息的抛出,找到对应的源码,自定义一些处理逻辑来符合业务的需求。
网关都是给接口做代理转发的,后端对应的都是REST API,返回数据格式都是JSON。如果不做处理,当发生异常时,Gateway默认给出的错误信息是页面,不方便前端进行异常处理。
需要对异常信息进行处理,返回JSON格式的数据给客户端。下面先看实现的代码,后面再跟大家讲下需要注意的地方。
自定义异常处理逻辑:
- package com.cxytiandi.gateway.exception;
-
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
-
- /**
- * 自定义异常处理
- *
- * <p>异常时用JSON代替HTML异常信息<p>
- *
- * @author yinjihuan
- *
- */
- public class JsonExceptionHandler extends DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler {
-
- public JsonExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
- ErrorProperties errorProperties, ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
- super(errorAttributes, resourceProperties, errorProperties, applicationContext);
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取异常属性
- */
- @Override
- protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
- int code = 500;
- Throwable error = super.getError(request);
- if (error instanceof org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.NotFoundException) {
- code = 404;
- }
- return response(code, this.buildMessage(request, error));
- }
-
- /**
- * 指定响应处理方法为JSON处理的方法
- * @param errorAttributes
- */
- @Override
- protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
- return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
- }
-
- /**
- * 根据code获取对应的HttpStatus
- * @param errorAttributes
- */
- @Override
- protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
- int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("code");
- return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
- }
-
- /**
- * 构建异常信息
- * @param request
- * @param ex
- * @return
- */
- private String buildMessage(ServerRequest request, Throwable ex) {
- StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder("Failed to handle request [");
- message.append(request.methodName());
- message.append(" ");
- message.append(request.uri());
- message.append("]");
- if (ex != null) {
- message.append(": ");
- message.append(ex.getMessage());
- }
- return message.toString();
- }
-
- /**
- * 构建返回的JSON数据格式
- * @param status 状态码
- * @param errorMessage 异常信息
- * @return
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> response(int status, String errorMessage) {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
- map.put("code", status);
- map.put("message", errorMessage);
- map.put("data", null);
- return map;
- }
-
- }
覆盖默认的配置:
- package com.cxytiandi.gateway.exception;
-
- import java.util.Collections;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebExceptionHandler;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
- import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
- import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
- import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;
-
- /**
- * 覆盖默认的异常处理
- *
- * @author yinjihuan
- *
- */
- @Configuration
- @EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class})
- public class ErrorHandlerConfiguration {
-
- private final ServerProperties serverProperties;
-
- private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
-
- private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
-
- private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
-
- private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;
-
- public ErrorHandlerConfiguration(ServerProperties serverProperties,
- ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
- ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
- ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer,
- ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
- this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
- this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
- this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
- this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
- this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
- }
-
- @Bean
- @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
- public ErrorWebExceptionHandler errorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
- JsonExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = new JsonExceptionHandler(
- errorAttributes,
- this.resourceProperties,
- this.serverProperties.getError(),
- this.applicationContext);
- exceptionHandler.setViewResolvers(this.viewResolvers);
- exceptionHandler.setMessageWriters(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters());
- exceptionHandler.setMessageReaders(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getReaders());
- return exceptionHandler;
- }
- }
注意点
异常时如何返回JSON而不是HTML?
在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler中的getRoutingFunction()方法就是控制返回格式的,原代码如下:
- @Override
- protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(
- ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
- return RouterFunctions.route(acceptsTextHtml(), this::renderErrorView)
- .andRoute(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
- }
这边优先是用HTML来显示的,想用JSON的改下就可以了,如下:
- protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
- return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
- }
getHttpStatus需要重写
原始的方法是通过status来获取对应的HttpStatus的,代码如下:
- protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
- int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("status");
- return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
- }
如果我们定义的格式中没有status字段的话,这么就会报错,找不到对应的响应码,要么返回数据格式中增加status子段,要么重写,我这边返回的是code,所以要重写,代码如下:
- @Override
- protected HttpStatus getHttpStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes) {
- int statusCode = (int) errorAttributes.get("code");
- return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
- }
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对w3xue的支持。