//AsyncAppender.java
    /**
     * Actual writing occurs here.
     *
     * @param logEvent The LogEvent.
     */
    @Override
    public void append(final LogEvent logEvent) {
        if (!isStarted()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("AsyncAppender " + getName() + " is not active");
        }
        //创建Log4jLogEvent的对象memento
        final Log4jLogEvent memento = Log4jLogEvent.createMemento(logEvent, includeLocation);
        InternalAsyncUtil.makeMessageImmutable(logEvent.getMessage());
        //transfer(memento)将event放入队列
        //默认ArrayBlockingQueueFactory 大小1024
        if (!transfer(memento)) {
            if (blocking) {
                if (AbstractLogger.getRecursionDepth() > 1) { // LOG4J2-1518, LOG4J2-2031
                    // If queue is full AND we are in a recursive call, call appender directly to prevent deadlock
                    AsyncQueueFullMessageUtil.logWarningToStatusLogger();
                    logMessageInCurrentThread(logEvent);
                } else {
                    // delegate to the event router (which may discard, enqueue and block, or log in current thread)
                 
                    final EventRoute route = asyncQueueFullPolicy.getRoute(thread.getId(), memento.getLevel());
                    route.logMessage(this, memento);
                }
            } else {
                error("Appender " + getName() + " is unable to write primary appenders. queue is full");
                logToErrorAppenderIfNecessary(false, memento);
            }
        }
    }
    private boolean transfer(final LogEvent memento) {
        return queue instanceof TransferQueue
            ? ((TransferQueue<LogEvent>) queue).tryTransfer(memento)
            : queue.offer(memento);
    }

public class DefaultAsyncQueueFullPolicy implements AsyncQueueFullPolicy {
    @Override
    public EventRoute getRoute(final long backgroundThreadId, final Level level) {
        // LOG4J2-471: prevent deadlock when RingBuffer is full and object
        // being logged calls Logger.log() from its toString() method
        if (Thread.currentThread().getId() == backgroundThreadId) {
            return EventRoute.SYNCHRONOUS;
        }
        return EventRoute.ENQUEUE;
    }

//DiscardingAsyncQueueFullPolicy.java
    @Override
    public EventRoute getRoute(final long backgroundThreadId, final Level level) {
        if (level.isLessSpecificThan(thresholdLevel)) {
            if (discardCount.getAndIncrement() == 0) {
                LOGGER.warn("Async queue is full, discarding event with level {}. " +
                        "This message will only appear once; future events from {} " +
                        "are silently discarded until queue capacity becomes available.",
                        level, thresholdLevel);
            }
            return EventRoute.DISCARD;
        }
        return super.getRoute(backgroundThreadId, level);
    }

//AsyncAppender.java
private class AsyncThread extends Log4jThread {
        private volatile boolean shutdown = false;
        private final List<AppenderControl> appenders;
        private final BlockingQueue<LogEvent> queue;
        public AsyncThread(final List<AppenderControl> appenders, final BlockingQueue<LogEvent> queue) {
            super("AsyncAppender-" + THREAD_SEQUENCE.getAndIncrement());
            this.appenders = appenders;
            this.queue = queue;
            setDaemon(true);
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (!shutdown) {
                LogEvent event;
                try {
                    event = queue.take();
                    if (event == SHUTDOWN_LOG_EVENT) {
                        shutdown = true;
                        continue;
                    }
                } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
                    break; // LOG4J2-830
                }
                event.setEndOfBatch(queue.isEmpty());
                final boolean success = callAppenders(event);
                if (!success && errorAppender != null) {
                    try {
                        errorAppender.callAppender(event);
                    } catch (final Exception ex) {
                        // Silently accept the error.
                    }
                }
            }
            // Process any remaining items in the queue.
            LOGGER.trace("AsyncAppender.AsyncThread shutting down. Processing remaining {} queue events.",
                queue.size());
            int count = 0;
            int ignored = 0;
            while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
                try {
                    final LogEvent event = queue.take();
                    if (event instanceof Log4jLogEvent) {
                        final Log4jLogEvent logEvent = (Log4jLogEvent) event;
                        logEvent.setEndOfBatch(queue.isEmpty());
                        callAppenders(logEvent);
                        count++;
                    } else {
                        ignored++;
                        LOGGER.trace("Ignoring event of class {}", event.getClass().getName());
                    }
                } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
                    // May have been interrupted to shut down.
                    // Here we ignore interrupts and try to process all remaining events.
                }
            }
            LOGGER.trace("AsyncAppender.AsyncThread stopped. Queue has {} events remaining. "
                + "Processed {} and ignored {} events since shutdown started.", queue.size(), count, ignored);
        }
    ...
}