【1】SpringBoot的默认错误处理
① 浏览器访问

请求头如下:

② 使用“PostMan”访问
- {
- "timestamp": 1529479254647,
- "status": 404,
- "error": "Not Found",
- "message": "No message available",
- "path": "/aaa1"
- }
请求头如下:

总结:如果是浏览器访问,则SpringBoot默认返回错误页面;如果是其他客户端访问,则默认返回JSON数据。
【2】默认错误处理原理
SpringBoot默认配置了许多xxxAutoConfiguration,这里我们找ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration。
其注册部分组件如下:
① DefaultErrorAttributes
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
- public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
- return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
- }
跟踪其源码如下:
- public class DefaultErrorAttributes
- implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
-
- private static final String ERROR_ATTRIBUTE = DefaultErrorAttributes.class.getName()
- + ".ERROR";
-
- @Override
- public int getOrder() {
- return Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;
- }
-
- @Override
- public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
- storeErrorAttributes(request, ex);
- return null;
- }
-
- private void storeErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) {
- request.setAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
- }
-
- @Override
- public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
- boolean includeStackTrace) {
- Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
- errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
- addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
- addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
- addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
- return errorAttributes;
- }
-
- private void addStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes,
- RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
- Integer status = getAttribute(requestAttributes,
- "javax.servlet.error.status_code");
- if (status == null) {
- errorAttributes.put("status", 999);
- errorAttributes.put("error", "None");
- return;
- }
- errorAttributes.put("status", status);
- try {
- errorAttributes.put("error", HttpStatus.valueOf(status).getReasonPhrase());
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- // Unable to obtain a reason
- errorAttributes.put("error", "Http Status " + status);
- }
- }
-
- private void addErrorDetails(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes,
- RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
- Throwable error = getError(requestAttributes);
- if (error != null) {
- while (error instanceof ServletException && error.getCause() != null) {
- error = ((ServletException) error).getCause();
- }
- errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName());
- addErrorMessage(errorAttributes, error);
- if (includeStackTrace) {
- addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error);
- }
- }
- Object message = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.message");
- if ((!StringUtils.isEmpty(message) || errorAttributes.get("message") == null)
- && !(error instanceof BindingResult)) {
- errorAttributes.put("message",
- StringUtils.isEmpty(message) ? "No message available" : message);
- }
- }
-
- private void addErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, Throwable error) {
- BindingResult result = extractBindingResult(error);
- if (result == null) {
- errorAttributes.put("message", error.getMessage());
- return;
- }
- if (result.getErrorCount() > 0) {
- errorAttributes.put("errors", result.getAllErrors());
- errorAttributes.put("message",
- "Validation failed for object='" + result.getObjectName()
- + "'. Error count: " + result.getErrorCount());
- }
- else {
- errorAttributes.put("message", "No errors");
- }
- }
-
- private BindingResult extractBindingResult(Throwable error) {
- if (error instanceof BindingResult) {
- return (BindingResult) error;
- }
- if (error instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) {
- return ((MethodArgumentNotValidException) error).getBindingResult();
- }
- return null;
- }
-
- private void addStackTrace(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, Throwable error) {
- StringWriter stackTrace = new StringWriter();
- error.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(stackTrace));
- stackTrace.flush();
- errorAttributes.put("trace", stackTrace.toString());
- }
-
- private void addPath(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes,
- RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
- String path = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.request_uri");
- if (path != null) {
- errorAttributes.put("path", path);
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public Throwable getError(RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
- Throwable exception = getAttribute(requestAttributes, ERROR_ATTRIBUTE);
- if (exception == null) {
- exception = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.exception");
- }
- return exception;
- }
-
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- private <T> T getAttribute(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, String name) {
- return (T) requestAttributes.getAttribute(name, RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST);
- }
-
- }
即,填充错误数据!
② BasicErrorController
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
- public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
- return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
- this.errorViewResolvers);
- }
跟踪其源码:
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
- public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
- //产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
- @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
- public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) {
- HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
- Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
- request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
- response.setStatus(status.value());
- //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
- ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
- return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
- }
- //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
- @RequestMapping
- @ResponseBody
- public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
- Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
- isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
- HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
- return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
- }
- //...
- }
其中 resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);方法跟踪如下:
- public abstract class AbstractErrorController implements ErrorController {
- protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
- //拿到所有的错误视图解析器
- for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
- ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
- if (modelAndView != null) {
- return modelAndView;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- //...
- }
③ ErrorPageCustomizer
- @Bean
- public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() {
- return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties);
- }
跟踪其源码:
- @Override
- public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
- ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix()
- + this.properties.getError().getPath());
- errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
- }
- //getPath()->go on
- /**
- * Path of the error controller.
- */
- @Value("${error.path:/error}")
- private String path = "/error";
即,系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)。
④ DefaultErrorViewResolver
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean
- public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
- return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext,
- this.resourceProperties);
- }
跟踪其源码:
- public class DefaultErrorViewResolver implements ErrorViewResolver, Ordered {
-
- private static final Map<Series, String> SERIES_VIEWS;
- //错误状态码
- static {
- Map<Series, String> views = new HashMap<Series, String>();
- views.put(Series.CLIENT_ERROR, "4xx");
- views.put(Series.SERVER_ERROR, "5xx");
- SERIES_VIEWS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(views);
- }
- //...
- @Override
- public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
- Map<String, Object> model) {
- // 这里如果没有拿到精确状态码(如404)的视图,则尝试拿4XX(或5XX)的视图
- ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
- if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
- modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
- }
- return modelAndView;
- }
-
- private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
- //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404||error/4xx
- String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
- //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
- TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
- .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
- if (provider != null) {
- //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
- return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
- }
- //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
- return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
- }
-
- private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
- //从静态资源文件夹下面找错误页面
- for (String location : this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) {
- try {
- Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);
- resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");
- if (resource.exists()) {
- return new ModelAndView(new HtmlResourceView(resource), model);
- }
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
总结如下:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则),就会来到/error请求,然后被BasicErrorController处理返回ModelAndView或者JSON。
【3】定制错误响应
① 定制错误响应页面
1)有模板引擎的情况下
error/状态码–将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的error文件夹下,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面。
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html)。
如下图所示:

页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找。
3)以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面。
WebMVCAutoConfiguration源码如下:
- @Configuration
- @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
- @Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class)
- protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {
-
- private final SpelView defaultErrorView = new SpelView(
- "<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>"
- + "<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>"
- + "<div id='created'>${timestamp}</div>"
- + "<div>There was an unexpected error (type=${error}, status=${status}).</div>"
- + "<div>${message}</div></body></html>");
-
- @Bean(name = "error")
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error")
- public View defaultErrorView() {
- return this.defaultErrorView;
- }
-
- // If the user adds @EnableWebMvc then the bean name view resolver from
- // WebMvcAutoConfiguration disappears, so add it back in to avoid disappointment.
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(BeanNameViewResolver.class)
- public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
- BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
- resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10);
- return resolver;
- }
-
- }
② 定制错误响应数据
第一种,使用SpringMVC的异常处理器
- @ControllerAdvice
- public class MyExceptionHandler {
-
- //浏览器客户端返回的都是json
- @ResponseBody
- @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
- public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
- Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
- map.put("code","user.notexist");
- map.put("message",e.getMessage());
- return map;
- }
- }
这样无论浏览器还是PostMan返回的都是JSON!
第二种,转发到/error请求进行自适应效果处理
- @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
- public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
- Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
- //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx
- /**
- * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
- .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
- */
- request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
- map.put("code","user.notexist");
- map.put("message","用户出错啦");
- //转发到/error
- return "forward:/error";
- }
但是此时没有将自定义 code message传过去!
第三种,注册MyErrorAttributes继承自DefaultErrorAttributes(推荐)
从第【2】部分(默认错误处理原理)中知道错误数据都是通过DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()
方法获取,如下所示:
- @Override
- public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
- boolean includeStackTrace) {
- Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
- errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
- addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
- addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
- addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
- return errorAttributes;
- }
我们可以编写一个MyErrorAttributes继承自DefaultErrorAttributes重写其getErrorAttributes方法将我们的错误数据添加进去。
示例如下:
- //给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
- @Component
- public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
-
- //返回值的map就是页面和json能获取的所有字段
- @Override
- public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
- //DefaultErrorAttributes的错误数据
- Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
- map.put("company","SpringBoot");
- //我们的异常处理器携带的数据
- Map<String,Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext", 0);
- map.put("ext",ext);
- return map;
- }
- }
异常处理器修改如下:
- @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
- public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
- Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
- //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx
- /**
- * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
- .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
- */
- request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
- map.put("code","user.notexist");
- map.put("message","用户出错啦");
- //将自定义错误数据放入request中
- request.setAttribute("ext",map);
- //转发到/error
- return "forward:/error";
- }
5xx.html页面代码如下:
- //...
- <main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
- <h1>status:[[${status}]]</h1>
- <h2>timestamp:[[${timestamp}]]</h2>
- <h2>exception:[[${exception}]]</h2>
- <h2>message:[[${message}]]</h2>
- <h2>ext:[[${ext.code}]]</h2>
- <h2>ext:[[${ext.message}]]</h2>
- </main>
- //...
浏览器测试效果如下:

Postman测试效果如下:

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持w3xue。