ORA-02030: can only select from fixed tables/views

来源：cnblogs　　作者：潇湘隐者　　时间：2018/12/20 9:30:01　　对本文有异议

有时候给一些普通用户授予查询系统对象(例如dynamic performance views)权限时会遇到“ORA-02030: can only select from fixed tables/views”，如下所示：

SQL> grant select on v$session to test;
grant select on v$session to test
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02030: can only select from fixed tables/views

关于ORA-02030错误介绍如下，也是就是对于fixed tables 或fixed views只能进行SELECT查询，不能做SELECT之外的任何操作

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ oerr ora 2030

02030, 00000, "can only select from fixed tables/views"

// *Cause: An attempt is being made to perform an operation other than

// a retrieval from a fixed table/view.

// *Action: You may only select rows from fixed tables/views.

关于V$ Views的介绍如下：

V$ Views

The actual dynamic performance views are identified by the prefix V_$. Public synonyms for these views have the prefix V$. Database administrators and other users should access only the V$ objects, not the V_$ objects.

The dynamic performance views are used by Oracle Enterprise Manager, which is the primary interface for accessing information about system performance. After an instance is started, the V$ views that read from memory are accessible. Views that read data from disk require that the database be mounted, and some require that the database be open.

我们查询发现V$SESSION，V$DBLINK都是fixed views，而且v$这类我们经常查的视图都是v_$开头视图的同义词。

SQL> SELECT * FROM V$FIXED_TABLE WHERE NAME IN( 'V$SESSION','V$DBLINK');
NAME                            OBJECT_ID TYPE   TABLE_NUM
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ----------
V$SESSION                      4294950919 VIEW       65537
V$DBLINK                       4294951157 VIEW       65537
SQL> COL OWNER  FOR A12;
SQL> COL OBJECT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> COL OBJECT_TYPE FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME ,OBJECT_TYPE
  2  FROM DBA_OBJECTS 
  3  WHERE OBJECT_NAME='V$SESSION';
OWNER        OBJECT_NAME                      OBJECT_TYPE
------------ -------------------------------- --------------------------------
PUBLIC       V$SESSION                        SYNONYM
SQL> COL TABLE_OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SYNONYM_NAME FOR A20;
SQL> COL TABLE_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> COL DB_LINK FOR A8;
SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_SYNONYMS WHERE SYNONYM_NAME='V$SESSION';
OWNER        SYNONYM_NAME         TABLE_OWNER  TABLE_NAME       DB_LINK
------------ -------------------- ------------ ---------------- --------
PUBLIC       V$SESSION            SYS          V_$SESSION

所以要授权就应该执行下面SQL语句

SQL> GRANT SELECT ON V_$SESSION TO TEST;
Grant succeeded.

如果遇到这样的错误，直接找到对应同义词对应的视图或基表，然后进行授权，如下所示：

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> grant select on v$dblink to test;
grant select on v$dblink to test
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02030: can only select from fixed tables/views
SQL> COL OWNER  FOR A12;
SQL> COL OBJECT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> COL OBJECT_TYPE FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME ,OBJECT_TYPE
  2  FROM DBA_OBJECTS 
  3  WHERE OBJECT_NAME=UPPER('v$dblink');
OWNER        OBJECT_NAME                      OBJECT_TYPE
------------ -------------------------------- --------------------------------
PUBLIC       V$DBLINK                         SYNONYM
SQL> COL TABLE_OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SYNONYM_NAME FOR A20;
SQL> COL TABLE_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> COL DB_LINK FOR A8;
SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_SYNONYMS WHERE SYNONYM_NAME='V$DBLINK';
OWNER        SYNONYM_NAME         TABLE_OWNER  TABLE_NAME       DB_LINK
------------ -------------------- ------------ ---------------- --------
PUBLIC       V$DBLINK             SYS          V_$DBLINK
SQL> grant select on v_$dblink to test;
Grant succeeded.