对django views中 request, response的常用操作详解

来源：jb51　　时间：2019/7/18 8:36:47　　对本文有异议

request

获取post请求中的json数据

def hello(request):
 data = json.loads(request.body)
 ...

json格式还有一些非表单序列化的格式，都可以从 request.body 中获取请求体中的数据，对于ajax请求可以使用 request.is_ajax() 来判断

根据请求的信息获取base url（有时候服务的域名比较多，还是需要动态的拼接一下url信息）

# url http://wificdn.com:8888/wxpay/qrcode2/16122010404238801544?name=lzz
request.get_host() # wificdn.com:8888
request.get_full_path() # u'/wxpay/qrcode2/16122010404238801544?name=lzz'
 
request.build_absolute_uri('/') # 'http://wificdn.com:8888/'
request.build_absolute_uri('/hello') # 'http://wificdn.com:8888/hello'
request.build_absolute_uri() # 'http://wificdn.com:8888/wxpay/qrcode2/16122010404238801544?name=lzz'
 
request.path # u'/wxpay/qrcode2/16122010404238801544'
request.scheme # 'http'

获取表单中选中的 checkbox 信息, 例如checkbox的name为 checks

var_list = request.POST.getlist('checks')

返回的是个list对象，如果没有��️返回 [] ,如果表单中没有这个key也返回 []

response

json格式的响应 1.8版本中已经提供了 JsonResponse, from django.http import JsonResponse 就可以使用了，低版本的django可以参照源码自己写一个，几行代码就行了。 response 中设置 cookies 和 header

def xxxxview(request):
 ....
 
 resp = HttpResponseRedirect('/account/portal/?token=%s' % es)
 resp.set_cookie("coofilter", es, max_age=300)
 resp['Erya-Net-Type'] = NET_TYPE
 resp['Erya-Auth-Host'] = AUTH_HOST
 resp['Erya-Auth-Port'] = AUTH_PORT
 resp['Erya-Auth-Uip'] = ip
 resp['Erya-Auth-Token'] = es
 return resp

session

how to use session, 主要是get和set，和删除

def post_comment(request, new_comment):
 if request.session.get('has_commented', False):
 return HttpResponse("You've already commented.")
 c = comments.Comment(comment=new_comment)
 c.save()
 request.session['has_commented'] = True
 return HttpResponse('Thanks for your comment!')
 
def logout(request):
 try:
 del request.session['member_id']
 except KeyError:
 pass
 return HttpResponse("You're logged out.")

cookies

def login(request):
 response = HttpResponseRedirect('/url/to_your_home_page')
 response.set_cookie('cookie_name1', 'cookie_name1_value')
 response.set_cookie('cookie_name2', 'cookie_name2_value')
 return response
 
def logout(request):
 response = HttpResponseRedirect('/url/to_your_login')
 response.delete_cookie('cookie_name1')
 response.delete_cookie('cookie_name2')
 return response
 
# 获取
coo = request.COOKIES.get('coofilter')
# cookies 过期时间
hr.set_cookie('user_id', user_id, max_age=300)