详解微信小程序自定义组件的实现及数据交互

来源：jb51　　时间：2019/7/22 11:23:22　　对本文有异议

简单的自定义组件

本文的使用场景是：多个页面都需要用到拨打电话功能，为减少代码量、便于维护，所以自定义了一个组件，每个页面直接调用即可。基本实现下图样式：

下面我们来一步步的实现它：

step1：创建文件夹以及文件

首先创建一个components（名字可自取）文件夹，用于放置所有自定义的组件，

里面可以用右键自动创建的方式，新建一个Component组件，例如：

创建之后的目录结构为：

其中callphone是我们本次要实现的拨打电话组件。

step2：组件的基本搭建

在callphone.wxml中：添加组件结构：

<view class="call" bindtap="callPhone">
 <view class="phone">{{phone}}</view>
 <view>了解最新信息，免费咨询</view>
 <view class="callIcon"></view>
</view>

在callphone.wxss中：添加组件样式：

.call {
 display: block;
 padding: 18rpx 30rpx;
 width: 100%;
 color: #999;
 font-size: 24rpx;
 box-sizing: border-box;
 background: #ecf9e8;
 position: relative;
 border-radius: 10rpx;
}
.call .phone {
 color: #333;
 font-size: 40rpx;
}
.call .callIcon {
 width: 77rpx;
 height: 77rpx;
 position: absolute;
 top: 50%;
 margin-top: -38rpx;
 right: 30rpx;
 background-size: cover;
 background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,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);
}

在callphone.js中：添加组件逻辑：

Component({
 /**
  * 组件的属性列表
  */
 properties: {
 
 },
 /**
  * 组件的初始数据
  */
 data: {
  phone: '400-010-9797'
 },
 /**
  * 组件的方法列表
  */
 methods: {
  callPhone() {
   wx.makePhoneCall({
    phoneNumber: this.data.phone
   })
  }
 }
})

step3：使用组件

我们要在index.wxml中使用该组件的话，要在index.json中进行声明：（其中call-phone是组件的名称，可以自取）

{
 "usingComponents": {
  "call-phone": "/components/CallPhone/callphone"
 }
}

在index.wxml中引用组件：

<call-phone></call-phone>

完成以上几个步骤，一个简单的小程序自定义组件就完成了，运行结果如下：

Page与Component数据交互

上面的例子中可以看到，电话号码是在组件中的data中设置的，也就是每个页面都是固定写死的；但是如果要实现每个界面的号码不一样的话，此时就涉及到page往组件传值的问题，可以这么修改：

1、page > component

方法1：page在引用组件时能通过属性值设置，callphone.js在properties获取:

<!--index.wxml-->
<call-phone phone="400-010-9797"></call-phone>
// components/CallPhone/callphone.js
Component({
 properties: {
  phone: String //简写
  /* 
  phone: {
   type: String, //类型,目前接受的类型包括：String, Number, Boolean, Object, Array, null（表示任意类型）
   value: '', //初始值
   observer: function(newVal, oldVal) {}
  }
  */
 },
 attached: function() {
  console.log("this.properties.phone:" + this.properties.phone); //控制台打印:"400-010-9797"
 },
 //...
})

方法2：page在引用组件时通data-xxx设置，callphone.js在this.dataset获取：

<!--index.wxml-->
<call-phone data-tel="400-010-9797" ></call-phone>
// components/CallPhone/callphone.js
Component({
 attached: function() {
  console.log("this.dataset.tel:" + this.dataset.tel); //控制台打印:"400-010-9797"
  // 设置properties值用setData()
  this.setData({
   phone: this.dataset.tel
  });
 },
 //...
})

2、component > page

组件中的变量要传到page页面，可以通过事件触发this.triggerEvent()来实行：

// components/CallPhone/callphone.js
Component({
 methods: {
  callPhone() {
   var myEventDetail = {
    msg: '来自component的信息',
    tel: '400-010-9797'
   } // detail对象，提供给事件监听函数
   var myEventOption = {} // 触发事件的选项
   this.triggerEvent('myevent', myEventDetail, myEventOption)
  }
 }
})
<!--index.wxml-->
<!--"bindmyevent"属性与上面"myevent"对应，当自定义组件触发"myevent"事件时，调用"call"方法 -->
<call-phone bindmyevent="call"></call-phone>
//index.js
Page({
 call: function(e) {
  console.log(e.detail.msg);//控制台打印:"来自component的信息"
  wx.makePhoneCall({
   phoneNumber: e.detail.tel
  })
 }
})