Git忽略提交规则

来源：cnblogs　　作者：lingfeng95　　时间：2019/7/29 11:23:10　　对本文有异议

现在开源项目越来越多，Git使用越来越方便，用Git的人也越来越多。创建项目的时候，喜欢把日志，临时文件，项目编译的中间文件，引用的类库等等，这时就要设置响应的规则，来忽略这些文件。例如创建一个C#项目，项目下面会有.vs，bin，obj等，这些都是不需要提交的需要忽略的，如何忽略呢？其实很简单，增加.gitignore文件就可以了，下面将详细说明C#项目的忽视规则。

创建Git项目

创建git项目，创建的时候有个.gitignore的选项，根据自己的需要选择需要忽视的文件，例如：java，python等，C#的项目选择VisualStudio，因为创建的都是VS项目，这里面有需要C#项目所忽略的设置。创建完项目之后，项目下面就有个.gitignore文件，这个文件是可以修改的。

忽视文件

例如：忽视后缀是.suo，.user的文件，*正式所有

*.suo
*.user

忽视文件夹

[Dd]用的是正则，匹配大小写d，两个**表示匹配任意中间目录

[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
**/[Pp]ackages/*

Git忽略文件的原则

1. 编译生成的文件，例如：dll，等
2. 配置文件，敏感的信息（密码，口令）
3. 项目工具生成的文件，例如：引用Nuget时生成的packages等
4. 项目测试的文件，日志文件等。

.gitignore忽略规则的匹配语法

1. “#"开头，是git上的注释说明
2. 以"/"开头表示根目录，其他位置的“/”表示的是忽视目录
3.“*”匹配多个字符，“**”匹配任意中间目录
4.“[]”匹配中括号中的字符
5.“!”表示不忽视,即：如果忽视某些文件，可以用!让这些文件在启用，如果文件夹的父目录被忽略了，那么这个文件在启用，也就没有什么用了。
注意：git对于.ignore配置文件是从上到下进行规则匹配的，如果前面的规则匹配的范围更大，则后面的规则将不会生效；git上的忽视文件.ignore要在创建git的时候创建，如果是之后创建的，已经push过的，在忽视将不起作用，因为git已经开始管理这些文件了。

.gitignore查看忽视文件和文件夹

 git check-ignore -v bin
 .gitignore:23:[Bb]in/   bin

查看忽视文件夹，可以看到，第23行的忽视规则把bin给忽视掉了，如果运行指令，没有返回值则表示没有忽视此文件或者文件夹的规则。

git忽视已经上传的文件解决办法

在使用git的时候，创建了一个.gitignore文件，但是后来发现有一个文件已经上传了，没有写忽视规则，但是又想这个文件【本地保存】，【远程删除】，例如：忽视已经上传的文件【test.txt】或者文件夹，用git rm -r –cached directory
1. git rm -r --cached test.txt
2. commit和push
操作之后，你可以看到本地文件还在，远程的已经删除了

VS项目忽视文件（C#、.NET，MVC等）

## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
##
## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
# User-specific files
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates
# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
*.userprefs
# Build results
[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
bld/
[Bb]in/
[Oo]bj/
[Ll]og/
# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
.vs/
# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
#wwwroot/
# Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
Generated\ Files/
# MSTest test Results
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
# NUNIT
*.VisualState.xml
TestResult.xml
# Build Results of an ATL Project
[Dd]ebugPS/
[Rr]eleasePS/
dlldata.c
# Benchmark Results
BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
# .NET Core
project.lock.json
project.fragment.lock.json
artifacts/
**/Properties/launchSettings.json
# StyleCop
StyleCopReport.xml
# Files built by Visual Studio
*_i.c
*_p.c
*_i.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.iobj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.ipdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*.log
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc
# Chutzpah Test files
_Chutzpah*
# Visual C++ cache files
ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opendb
*.opensdf
*.sdf
*.cachefile
*.VC.db
*.VC.VC.opendb
# Visual Studio profiler
*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx
*.sap
# Visual Studio Trace Files
*.e2e
# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
$tf/
# Guidance Automation Toolkit
*.gpState
# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
_ReSharper*/
*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
*.DotSettings.user
# JustCode is a .NET coding add-in
.JustCode
# TeamCity is a build add-in
_TeamCity*
# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
*.dotCover
# AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
.axoCover/*
!.axoCover/settings.json
# Visual Studio code coverage results
*.coverage
*.coveragexml
# NCrunch
_NCrunch_*
.*crunch*.local.xml
nCrunchTemp_*
# MightyMoose
*.mm.*
AutoTest.Net/
# Web workbench (sass)
.sass-cache/
# Installshield output folder
[Ee]xpress/
# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
DocProject/buildhelp/
DocProject/Help/*.HxT
DocProject/Help/*.HxC
DocProject/Help/*.hhc
DocProject/Help/*.hhk
DocProject/Help/*.hhp
DocProject/Help/Html2
DocProject/Help/html
# Click-Once directory
publish/
# Publish Web Output
*.[Pp]ublish.xml
*.azurePubxml
# Note: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
*.pubxml
*.publishproj
# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
# in these scripts will be unencrypted
PublishScripts/
# NuGet Packages
*.nupkg
# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
**/[Pp]ackages/*
# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/[Pp]ackages/build/
# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
*.nuget.props
*.nuget.targets
# Microsoft Azure Build Output
csx/
*.build.csdef
# Microsoft Azure Emulator
ecf/
rcf/
# Windows Store app package directories and files
AppPackages/
BundleArtifacts/
Package.StoreAssociation.xml
_pkginfo.txt
*.appx
# Visual Studio cache files
# files ending in .cache can be ignored
*.[Cc]ache
# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
!*.[Cc]ache/
# Others
ClientBin/
~$*
*~
*.dbmdl
*.dbproj.schemaview
*.jfm
*.pfx
*.publishsettings
orleans.codegen.cs
# Including strong name files can present a security risk 
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
#*.snk
# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
#bower_components/
# RIA/Silverlight projects
Generated_Code/
# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
# because we have git ;-)
_UpgradeReport_Files/
Backup*/
UpgradeLog*.XML
UpgradeLog*.htm
ServiceFabricBackup/
*.rptproj.bak
# SQL Server files
*.mdf
*.ldf
*.ndf
# Business Intelligence projects
*.rdl.data
*.bim.layout
*.bim_*.settings
*.rptproj.rsuser
# Microsoft Fakes
FakesAssemblies/
# GhostDoc plugin setting file
*.GhostDoc.xml
# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
.ntvs_analysis.dat
node_modules/
# Visual Studio 6 build log
*.plg
# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
*.opt
# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
*.vbw
# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
_Pvt_Extensions
# Paket dependency manager
.paket/paket.exe
paket-files/
# FAKE - F# Make
.fake/
# JetBrains Rider
.idea/
*.sln.iml
# CodeRush
.cr/
# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
__pycache__/
*.pyc
# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
# tools/**
# !tools/packages.config
# Tabs Studio
*.tss
# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
*.jmconfig
# BizTalk build output
*.btp.cs
*.btm.cs
*.odx.cs
*.xsd.cs
# OpenCover UI analysis results
OpenCover/
# Azure Stream Analytics local run output 
ASALocalRun/
# MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
*.binlog
# NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
*.nvuser
# MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder 
.mfractor/