Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version 显示docker的版本信息

docker info 显示docker的系统信息

docker help 显示docker的参数

Docker的官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/

镜像命令

查看当前镜像

[root@lin ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG         IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world     latest        bf756fb1ae65     13 months ago    13.3kB

#解释：

REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源

Tag 　　标签

IMAGE ID 　　镜像ID

CREATED　　创建时间

SIZE 大小

#可选项

[root@lin ~]# docker images --help

-a, --all 查看所有镜像

-q, --quiet 查看镜像ID

docker搜索命令

[root@lin ~]# docker search  mysql
 
NAME                DESCRIPTION                   STARS        OFFICIAL       AUTOMATED
 
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…  10466        [OK]

指定版本下载

[root@lin ~]# docker pull  mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists 
f6c208f3f991: Already exists 
88a9455a9165: Already exists 
406c9b8427c6: Already exists 
7c88599c0b25: Already exists 
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists 
43a5816f1617: Already exists 
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete         
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete     
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete 
7227baa8c445: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
# docker pull  mysql 等于 docker.io/library/mysql:latest

导出镜像 and 导入镜像

#导出
docker save  -o busybox.tar busybox:latest 
或
docker save  > busybox01.tar busybox:latest 
#导入
docker load  -i busybox.tar 
或
docker load  < busybox.tar 
###### PS：这里使用带参数的命令导出，尽量使用对于带参数的命令导入

容器命令

容器命令的基础是建立在镜像之上的

我们下载一个centos镜像
docker pull centos

创建容器

docker create  -it --name  test busybox:latest  sh

新建容器并启动

docker run  【可选参数】  images
参数：
--name=xx ：     容器名称
-d：                后台运行
-it：            交互方式，伪终端
-p：                指定容器端口 8080主机端:8080容器段   -p 容器端口
-P：                随机映射端口
#创建一台名称为a1的centos主机，登录使用sh命令
[root@lin ~]# docker run -itd --name  a1 centos:latest  sh
4584d81270ea66ddaf1663db158f482865be63c6f4b187ae8ea94a2b42769bd8
[root@lin ~]# docker exec  -it a1  sh
sh-4.4# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
sh-4.4# exit    #退出容器Ctrl+d也可以
exit
[root@lin ~]#

查看容器

#docker ps命令
参数：
-a        当前所有容器
-n 1    显示最近创建的几个，默认显示1    
-q       显示ID
-s        显示大小
[root@lin ~]# docker ps            #查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4584d81270ea        centos:latest       "sh"                2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            a1
[root@lin ~]# docker ps -as
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES                   SIZE
4584d81270ea        centos:latest       "sh"                7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes                                   a1                      14B (virtual 209MB)
94082dde1104        centos              "bash"              11 minutes ago      Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                       recursing_aryabhata     0B (virtual 209MB)
81e87e0dddcb        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                         happy_ramanujan         0B (virtual 13.3kB)

删除容器

docker rm  容器ID                    删除容器，不能删除在运行中的容器，如果需要删除 -f强制
docker rm  -f $(docker ps -aq)      删除所有容器
docker rm  -aq | axrgs docker rm -f 删除所有容器

启动容器 and 停止容器

docker   stop     ID        #启动
docker   restart  ID         #重启
docker   stop     ID        #停止
docker   kill     ID        #杀死

将容器制作成镜像

docker run -itd --name centos centos:8 sh
docker exec  -it centos  sh
sh-4.4# yum -y install nginx
sh-4.4# nginx
sh-4.4# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 13:51 pts/0    00:00:00 sh
root         12      0  0 13:54 pts/1    00:00:00 sh
root        110      0  0 13:55 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
sh-4.4# curl  127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title>
sh-4.4# exit
[root@lin ~]# docker commit  -m 'ng'  -a 'lin'  centos  centos.nginx.tar 
sha256:9b8912f7716ae063f96f996611b752e7a6b6286a00b614cc0667fd358025b4e4
-m:描述    -a：作者        容器名称    镜像名称

docker日志的查看

[root@lin ~]# docker logs  a1 
sh-4.4# exit
sh-4.4# exit
sh-4.4# exit
#常用参数
  -f, --follow         #显示日志
  -t, --timestamps     #显示时间戳
[root@lin ~]# docker logs  -ft a1 
2021-02-05T04:01:35.128760582Z sh-4.4# exit
2021-02-05T04:01:41.500899867Z sh-4.4# exit
2021-02-05T04:01:51.404994752Z sh-4.4# exit
#查看一行
[root@lin ~]# docker logs  -ft  --tail 1 a1 
2021-02-05T04:01:51.404994752Z sh-4.4# exit

docker进程的查看

[root@lin ~]# docker top  897
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                74091               74075               0                   16:30               pts/0               00:00:00            sh

docekr元数据的查看

#查看docker容器a1的元数据
[root@lin ~]#  docker inspect  a1
[
    {
        "Id": "66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6",
        "Created": "2021-02-05T04:01:20.073183239Z",
        "Path": "sh",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-05T04:01:41.846430128Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-02-05T04:01:51.405660547Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6-json.log",
        "Name": "/a1",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5ead7fb0234a638b1f4c8ece5572cd7e34d0e7b410face8bc0c83a670cd92736/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "66fa2e853870",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "836ea0ff6c93e7f368b31917f27dcf79d7f00e02f6821e13f750697f0c262eb5",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/836ea0ff6c93",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2ca8ec3eb55c3034230866255d65f988376c95ddf492a9a074b4fd60b94eb594",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

方式一：
[root@lin ~]# docker exec  -it a2  sh
#解释：
#-i： 交互式
#-t： 伪终端
sh-4.4# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
sh-4.4# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 08:30 pts/0    00:00:00 sh
root          6      0  0 08:39 pts/1    00:00:00 sh
root         12      6  0 08:39 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
方式二：
[root@lin ~]# docker attach   a2 
sh-4.4# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
#区别
#docekr exec   进入容器开启新的终端
#docker attach 相当于直接进入容器

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp  容器ID：容器内路径 目的的主机路径
[root@lin /]# docker exec  -it a3 sh
sh-4.4# cd /home/
sh-4.4# touch index.html
sh-4.4# exit
[root@lin /]# docker cp a3:/home/index.html  /test
[root@lin /]# ls /test/
index.html