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css中grid属性的使用详解_CSS教程_CSS
来源：jb51　　时间：2018/10/29 9:35:54　　对本文有异议

grid布局

加在父元素上的属性

grid-template-columns/grid-template-rows

  • 定义元素的行或列的宽高
  • 如果父元素被等分成了9等分，则，不管有多少个子元素，都显示9等分
  • grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;可以写成grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 33%);
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13. .container1 {
  14.   grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;
  15.   grid-template-rows: 33% 33% 33%;
  16. }

grid-template-areas

  • 父元素的grid-template-areas配合子元素的grid-area定义网格区域
  • 一个句点表示一个空的网格单元
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13. .container2 {
  14.   grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  15.   grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  16.   grid-template-areas: "header header . footer"
  17.     "main main . sidebar"
  18.     "main main . sidebar";
  19. }
  20.  
  21. .container2 .item-1 {
  22.   grid-area: header;
  23. }
  24.  
  25. .container2 .item-2 {
  26.   grid-area: main;
  27. }
  28.  
  29. .container2 .item-3 {
  30.   grid-area: sidebar;
  31. }
  32.  
  33. .container2 .item-4 {
  34.   grid-area: footer;
  35. }
  1. <div class="container container2">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">header</div>
  3.   <div class="item item-2">main</div>
  4.   <div class="item item-3">sidebar</div>
  5.   <div class="item item-4">footer</div>
  6. </div>

grid-column-gap/grid-row-gap/grip-gap

  • 指网格线的大小，也可以说是网格子项之间的间距
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13. .container3 {
  14.   grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 30%);
  15.   grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 30%);
  16.   grid-column-gap: 2%;
  17.   grid-row-gap: 2%;
  18. }
  1. <div class="container container3">
  2.   <div class="item item-1"></div>
  3.   <div class="item item-2"></div>
  4.   <div class="item item-3"></div>
  5.   <div class="item item-4"></div>
  6.   <div class="item item-5"></div>
  7.   <div class="item item-6"></div>
  8.   <div class="item item-7"></div>
  9.   <div class="item item-8"></div>
  10.   <div class="item item-9"></div>
  11. </div>

justify-items/align-itemsjustify-items

  • 让子元素的内容和纵向列轴对齐
  • align-items让子元素的内容和横向行轴对齐
  • 两个属性都有四个值
  • 我的例子中，为了方便对比，嵌套了grid网格
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. .container4 {
  15.   width: 400px;
  16.   height: 200px;
  17.   grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 25%);
  18.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  19. }
  20. .container4 .item {
  21.   display: grid;
  22. }
  23. .container4 .item div {
  24.   background-color: coral;
  25.   border: 1px dashed #aaa
  26. }
  27. .container4 .item-1 {
  28.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  29.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  30.   justify-items: start;
  31. }
  32. .container4 .item-2 {
  33.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  34.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  35.   justify-items: end;
  36. }
  37. .container4 .item-3 {
  38.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  39.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  40.   justify-items: center;
  41. }
  42. .container4 .item-4 {
  43.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  44.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  45.   justify-items: stretch;
  46. }
  47. .container4 .item-5 {
  48.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  49.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  50.   align-items: start;
  51. }
  52. .container4 .item-6 {
  53.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  54.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  55.   align-items: end;
  56. }
  57. .container4 .item-7 {
  58.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  59.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  60.   align-items: center;
  61. }
  62. .container4 .item-8 {
  63.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50%);
  64.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  65.   align-items: stretch;
  66. }
  1. <div class="container container4">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">
  3.     <div>list</div>
  4.     <div>list</div>
  5.     <div>list</div>
  6.     <div>list</div>
  7.   </div>
  8.   <div class="item item-2">
  9.     <div>list</div>
  10.     <div>list</div>
  11.     <div>list</div>
  12.     <div>list</div>
  13.   </div>
  14.   <div class="item item-3">
  15.     <div>list</div>
  16.     <div>list</div>
  17.     <div>list</div>
  18.     <div>list</div>
  19.   </div>
  20.   <div class="item item-4">
  21.     <div>list</div>
  22.     <div>list</div>
  23.     <div>list</div>
  24.     <div>list</div>
  25.   </div>
  26.   <div class="item item-5">
  27.     <div>list</div>
  28.     <div>list</div>
  29.     <div>list</div>
  30.     <div>list</div>
  31.   </div>
  32.   <div class="item item-6">
  33.     <div>list</div>
  34.     <div>list</div>
  35.     <div>list</div>
  36.     <div>list</div>
  37.   </div>
  38.   <div class="item item-7">
  39.     <div>list</div>
  40.     <div>list</div>
  41.     <div>list</div>
  42.     <div>list</div>
  43.   </div>
  44.   <div class="item item-8">
  45.     <div>list</div>
  46.     <div>list</div>
  47.     <div>list</div>
  48.     <div>list</div>
  49.   </div>

justify-content/align-content

  • 设置子元素的对齐方式，justify表示纵向，align表示横向
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. .container5 {
  15.   width: 700px;
  16.   height: 200px;
  17.   grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 14%);
  18.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  19. }
  20.  
  21. .container5 .item {
  22.   display: grid;
  23. }
  24.  
  25. .container5 .item div {
  26.   background-color: coral;
  27.   border: 1px dashed #aaa
  28. }
  29.  
  30. .container5 .item-1 {
  31.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  32.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  33.   justify-content: start;
  34. }
  35.  
  36. .container5 .item-2 {
  37.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  38.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  39.   justify-content: end;
  40. }
  41.  
  42. .container5 .item-3 {
  43.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  44.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  45.   justify-content: center;
  46. }
  47.  
  48. .container5 .item-4 {
  49.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  50.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  51.   justify-content: stretch;
  52. }
  53.  
  54. .container5 .item-5 {
  55.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  56.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  57.   justify-content: space-around;
  58. }
  59.  
  60. .container5 .item-6 {
  61.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  62.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  63.   justify-content: space-between;
  64. }
  65.  
  66. .container5 .item-7 {
  67.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  68.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  69.   justify-content: space-evenly;
  70. }
  71.  
  72. .container5 .item-8 {
  73.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  74.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  75.   align-content: start;
  76. }
  77.  
  78. .container5 .item-9 {
  79.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  80.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  81.   align-content: end;
  82. }
  83.  
  84. .container5 .item-10 {
  85.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  86.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  87.   align-content: center;
  88. }
  89.  
  90. .container5 .item-11 {
  91.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  92.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  93.   align-content: stretch;
  94. }
  95.  
  96. .container5 .item-12 {
  97.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  98.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  99.   align-content: space-around;
  100. }
  101.  
  102. .container5 .item-13 {
  103.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  104.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  105.   align-content: space-between;
  106. }
  107.  
  108. .container5 .item-14 {
  109.   grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 40%);
  110.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 40%);
  111.   align-content: space-evenly;
  112. }
  1. <div class="container container5">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">
  3.     <div>list</div>
  4.     <div>list</div>
  5.     <div>list</div>
  6.     <div>list</div>
  7.   </div>
  8.   <div class="item item-2">
  9.     <div>list</div>
  10.     <div>list</div>
  11.     <div>list</div>
  12.     <div>list</div>
  13.   </div>
  14.   <div class="item item-3">
  15.     <div>list</div>
  16.     <div>list</div>
  17.     <div>list</div>
  18.     <div>list</div>
  19.   </div>
  20.   <div class="item item-4">
  21.     <div>list</div>
  22.     <div>list</div>
  23.     <div>list</div>
  24.     <div>list</div>
  25.   </div>
  26.   <div class="item item-5">
  27.     <div>list</div>
  28.     <div>list</div>
  29.     <div>list</div>
  30.     <div>list</div>
  31.   </div>
  32.   <div class="item item-6">
  33.     <div>list</div>
  34.     <div>list</div>
  35.     <div>list</div>
  36.     <div>list</div>
  37.   </div>
  38.   <div class="item item-7">
  39.     <div>list</div>
  40.     <div>list</div>
  41.     <div>list</div>
  42.     <div>list</div>
  43.   </div>
  44.   <div class="item item-8">
  45.     <div>list</div>
  46.     <div>list</div>
  47.     <div>list</div>
  48.     <div>list</div>
  49.   </div>
  50.   <div class="item item-9">
  51.     <div>list</div>
  52.     <div>list</div>
  53.     <div>list</div>
  54.     <div>list</div>
  55.   </div>
  56.   <div class="item item-10">
  57.     <div>list</div>
  58.     <div>list</div>
  59.     <div>list</div>
  60.     <div>list</div>
  61.   </div>
  62.   <div class="item item-11">
  63.     <div>list</div>
  64.     <div>list</div>
  65.     <div>list</div>
  66.     <div>list</div>
  67.   </div>
  68.   <div class="item item-12">
  69.     <div>list</div>
  70.     <div>list</div>
  71.     <div>list</div>
  72.     <div>list</div>
  73.   </div>
  74.   <div class="item item-13">
  75.     <div>list</div>
  76.     <div>list</div>
  77.     <div>list</div>
  78.     <div>list</div>
  79.   </div>
  80.   <div class="item item-14">
  81.     <div>list</div>
  82.     <div>list</div>
  83.     <div>list</div>
  84.     <div>list</div>
  85.   </div>
  86. </div>

grid-auto-columns/grid-auto-rowsgrid-column

  • 后面的值如果是1 / 2形式，表示的是从第1列网格线开始到第2列网格线结束，如果这个属性定义的网格超出了父元素的范围，则会自动生成隐式网格
  • grid-auto-columns和grid-auto-rows两个属性来指定这些隐式网格轨迹的宽度
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. .container6 {
  15.   width: 120px;
  16.   height: 180px;
  17.   grid-template-columns: 60px 60px;
  18.   grid-template-rows: 90px 90px;
  19.   grid-auto-columns: 60px;
  20. }
  21. .container6 .item-1 {
  22.   grid-column: 1 / 2;
  23.   grid-row: 2 / 3;
  24.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  25. }
  26. .container6 .item-2 {
  27.   grid-column: 5 / 6;
  28.   grid-row: 2 / 3;
  29.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  30. }
  1. <div class="container container6">
  2.   <div class="item-1">1/2&2/3</div>
  3.   <div class="item-2">5/6&2/3</div>
  4. </div>

grid-auto-flow

  • 没有网格元素的时候，自动排列
  • row表示从左到右排列，column表示从上到下排列
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. .container7 {
  15.   display: grid;
  16.   width: 200px;
  17.   height: 40px;
  18.   grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px 40px 40px;
  19.   grid-template-rows: 40px 40px;
  20.   /* grid-auto-flow: row; */
  21.   grid-auto-flow: column;
  22. }
  23. .container7 .item-1 {
  24.   grid-column: 1;
  25.   grid-row: 1 / 3;
  26. }
  27.  
  28. .container7 .item-5 {
  29.   grid-column: 5;
  30.   grid-row: 1 / 3;
  31. }
  1. <div class="container container7">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">1</div>
  3.   <div class="item item-2">2</div>
  4.   <div class="item item-3">3</div>
  5.   <div class="item item-4">4</div>
  6.   <div class="item item-5">5</div>
  7. </div>

加在子元素上的属性

grid-column-start/grid-column-end/grid-row-start/grid-row-end/grid-column/grid-row

  • 定义网格开始或者结束的位置
  • 值为数字，表示从这条线开始。值为span加数字，表示覆盖了这条线的位置
  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. .container8 {
  15.   margin-top: 20px;
  16.   grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 20%);
  17.   grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 20%);
  18. }
  19. .container8 .item-1 {
  20.   grid-column-start: 2;
  21.   grid-column-end: 4;
  22.   grid-row-start: 1;
  23.   grid-row-end: 2;
  24. }
  25. .container8 .item-2 {
  26.   grid-column-start: 4;
  27.   grid-column-end: span 5;
  28.   grid-row-start: 2;
  29.   grid-row-end: span 5;
  30. }
  31. .container8 .item-3 {
  32.   grid-column: 1 / span 2;
  33.   grid-row: 2 / span 4;
  34. }
  1. <div class="container container8">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">item-1</div>
  3.   <div class="item item-2">item-2</div>
  4.   <div class="item item-3">item-3</div>
  5. </div>

justify-self/align-self

网格子项内容与格线对齐

  1. .container {
  2.   width: 200px;
  3.   height: 200px;
  4.   display: grid;
  5.   background-color: coral;
  6.   margin: 10px;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. .container .item {
  10.   border: 1px solid #ccc;
  11.   background-color: chocolate;
  12. }
  13. .container9 {
  14.   width: 400px;
  15.   height: 200px;
  16.   grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 25%);
  17.   grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 50%);
  18. }
  19. .container9 .item-1 {
  20.   justify-self: start;
  21. }
  22. .container9 .item-2 {
  23.   justify-self: end;
  24. }
  25. .container9 .item-3 {
  26.   justify-self: center;
  27. }
  28. .container9 .item-4 {
  29.   justify-self: stretch;
  30. }
  31. .container9 .item-5 {
  32.   align-self: start;
  33. }
  34. .container9 .item-6 {
  35.   align-self: end;
  36. }
  37. .container9 .item-7 {
  38.   align-self: center;
  39. }
  40. .container9 .item-8 {
  41.   align-self: stretch;
  42. }
  1. <div class="container container9">
  2.   <div class="item item-1">item-1</div>
  3.   <div class="item item-2">item-2</div>
  4.   <div class="item item-3">item-3</div>
  5.   <div class="item item-4">item-4</div>
  6.   <div class="item item-5">item-5</div>
  7.   <div class="item item-6">item-6</div>
  8.   <div class="item item-7">item-7</div>
  9.   <div class="item item-8">item-8</div>
  10. </div>

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持w3xue。

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