Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入

来源：jb51　　时间：2022/6/6 15:45:32　　对本文有异议

1、将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中（数据库存在的情况）

主要需要修改数据库的相关信息，端口号、用户名、密码等

其中数据库得存在，不然会报错：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @description:导出数据库文件sql
import os
class InitSql(object):
?? ?sql_file = "A.sql"
?
?? ?def import_server_db(self):
?? ??? ?mysqldump_commad_dict = {'dumpcommad': 'mysqldump ', 'server': 'localhost', 'user': 'root',
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'password': 'root', 'port': 3306, 'db': 'studentmanagersystem'}
?? ??? ?# mysqldump 命令
?? ??? ?sqlfromat = "mysqldump --column-statistics=0 -h%s -u%s -p%s -P%s %s > %s"
?? ??? ?# 生成相应的sql语句
?? ??? ?sql = (sqlfromat % (mysqldump_commad_dict['server'],
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?mysqldump_commad_dict['user'],
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?mysqldump_commad_dict['password'],
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?mysqldump_commad_dict['port'],
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?mysqldump_commad_dict['db'],
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?self.sql_file))
?? ??? ?print("执行的导出数据库的sql：" + sql)
?? ??? ?result = os.system(sql)
?? ??? ?return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
?? ?initSql = InitSql()
?? ?initSql.import_server_db()

生成的sql文件如下所示：

-- MySQL dump 10.13 ?Distrib 8.0.29, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost ? ?Database: studentmanagersystem
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version ?8.0.29

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `studenttable`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `studenttable`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client ? ? = @@character_set_client */;
/*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
CREATE TABLE `studenttable` (
? `number` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
? `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `classes` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `floor` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `room` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `tel` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? `money` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
? PRIMARY KEY (`number`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `studenttable`
--

LOCK TABLES `studenttable` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `studenttable` VALUES ('2201','刘同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2202','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2203','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2204','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2205','刘同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2206','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2208','杨同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2209','蔡同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2022-06-05 ?0:30:03

2、将现有的sql文件数据导入到数据库中（前提数据库存在）

这里的话其实就是将SQL文件进行分割成一条条SQL语句，然后顺序执行即可

import pymysql
from pathlib import Path
class ConnectMsql:
?? ?def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=3306, user='root',
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? password='root', database="studentmanagersystem", filename: str = "studenttable.sql"):
?? ??? ?"""
? ? ? ? :param host: ? ? ? ?域名
? ? ? ? :param port: ? ? ? ?端口
? ? ? ? :param user: ? ? ? ?用户名
? ? ? ? :param password: ? ?密码
? ? ? ? :param database: ? ?数据库名
? ? ? ? :param filename: ? ?文件名称
? ? ? ? """
?? ??? ?self._host: str = host
?? ??? ?self._port: int = port
?? ??? ?self._user: str = user
?? ??? ?self._password: str = password
?? ??? ?self._database: str = database
?? ??? ?self._file_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(filename)
?
?? ?def _show_databases_and_create(self):
?? ??? ?"""
? ? ? ? 查询数据库是否存在，不存在则进行新建操作
? ? ? ? :return:
? ? ? ? """
?? ??? ?connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
?? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
?? ??? ?with connection:
?? ??? ??? ?with connection.cursor() as cursor:
?? ??? ??? ??? ?cursor.execute('show databases;')
?? ??? ??? ??? ?result = cursor.fetchall()
?? ??? ??? ??? ?results = self._database not in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)
?
?? ??? ?if results:
?? ??? ??? ?with connection.cursor() as cursor:
?? ??? ??? ??? ?cursor.execute(f'create database {self._database};')
?? ??? ??? ?with connection.cursor() as cursor:
?? ??? ??? ??? ?cursor.execute('show databases;')
?? ??? ??? ??? ?result = cursor.fetchall()
?? ??? ??? ??? ?results = self._database in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)
?? ??? ??? ?return results if results else result
?? ??? ?else:
?? ??? ??? ?return True
?
?? ?def _export_databases_data(self):
?? ??? ?"""
? ? ? ? 读取.sql文件，解析处理后，执行sql语句
? ? ? ? :return:
? ? ? ? """
?? ??? ?if self._show_databases_and_create() is True:
?? ??? ??? ?connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
?? ??? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? database=self._database, charset='utf8')
?? ??? ??? ?# 读取sql文件，并提取出sql语句
?? ??? ??? ?results, results_list = "", []
?? ??? ??? ?with open(self._file_path, mode="r+", encoding="utf-8") as r:
?? ??? ??? ??? ?for sql in r.readlines():
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 去除数据中的“\n”和“\r”字符
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?sql = sql.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", "")
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 获取不是“--”开头且不是“--”结束的数据
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?if not sql.startswith("--") and not sql.endswith("--"):
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 获取不是“--”的数据
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?if not sql.startswith("--"):
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?results = results + sql
?
?? ??? ??? ??? ?# 根据“;”分割数据，处理后插入列表中
?? ??? ??? ??? ?for i in results.split(";"):
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?if i.startswith("/*"):
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?results_list.append(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# print(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?else:
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?results_list.append(i + ";")
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# print(i + ";")
?? ??? ??? ?# 执行sql语句
?? ??? ??? ?with connection:
?? ??? ??? ??? ?with connection.cursor() as cursor:
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 循环获取sql语句
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?for x in results_list[:-1]:
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?if x != ";":
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?print(x)
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 执行sql语句
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?cursor.execute(x)
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?# 提交事务
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?connection.commit()
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?else:
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?return "sql全部语句执行成功 ！"
?? ?@property
?? ?def sql_run(self):
?? ??? ?"""
?? ??? ?执行方法
?? ??? ?:return:
?? ??? ?"""
?? ??? ?return self._export_databases_data()
if __name__ == '__main__':
?? ?res = ConnectMsql().sql_run
?? ?print(res)

利用Navicat软件可视化数据库，可以看到导入SQL文件成功