如何利用python绘制等高线图

来源：jb51　　时间：2022/6/20 8:40:28　　对本文有异议

使用方法

matplotlib.pyplot.contour(*args, data=None, **kwargs)

参数介绍：

参数X,YZ(M,N)类数组level

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3,3,256), np.linspace(-3,3,256))
Z = (1 - X/2 + X**5 + Y**3) * np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
levels = np.linspace(np.min(Z), np.max(Z), 7)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.contour(X, Y, Z, levels=levels)
plt.show()

添加label的

需要住的是inline参数.默认是inline=True

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z)
ax.clabel(CS, inline=True, fontsize=10)
ax.set_title('Simplest default with labels')
plt.show()

绘制虚线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 6, colors='k')
ax.clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)
ax.set_title('Single color - negative contours dashed')
plt.show()

level

确定等高线数量/位置,选择不超过n+1个"良好"轮廓级别

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(14,7))
axs[0].set_title('levels=6')
CS = axs[0].contour(X, Y, Z, 6, colors='k')
axs[0].clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)
 
axs[1].set_title('levels=10')
CS1 = axs[1].contour(X, Y, Z, 10, colors='k')
axs[1].clabel(CS1, fontsize=9, inline=True)
plt.show()

设置颜色和线条宽度

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
 
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
CS = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, 6,
                linewidths=np.arange(.5, 4, .5),
                colors=('r', 'cyan', 'blue', (1, 1, 0), '#afeeee', '0.5'),
                )
ax.clabel(CS, fontsize=9, inline=True)
ax.set_title('Crazy lines')
plt.show()

其他设置

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
delta = 0.025
x = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
y = np.arange(-2.0, 2.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
im = ax.imshow(Z, interpolation='bilinear', origin='lower',
               cmap=cm.gray, extent=(-3, 3, -2, 2))
levels = np.arange(-1.2, 1.6, 0.2)
CS = ax.contour(Z, levels, origin='lower', cmap='flag', extend='both',
                linewidths=2, extent=(-3, 3, -2, 2))
CS.collections[6].set_linewidth(4)
ax.clabel(CS, levels[1::2],  # label every second level
          inline=True, fmt='%1.1f', fontsize=14)
CB = fig.colorbar(CS, shrink=0.8)
ax.set_title('Lines with colorbar')
CBI = fig.colorbar(im, orientation='horizontal', shrink=0.8)
l, b, w, h = ax.get_position().bounds
ll, bb, ww, hh = CB.ax.get_position().bounds
CB.ax.set_position([ll, b + 0.1*h, ww, h*0.8])
plt.show()