Unity3D — — UGUI之简易背包

来源：cnblogs　　作者：QQW的进化之旅　　时间：2018/9/25 19:27:12　　对本文有异议

Uinity版本：2017.3

最近在学Siki老师的《黑暗之光RPG》教程，由于教程内用的是NGUI实现，而笔者本人用的是UGUI，所以在这里稍微写一下自己的实现思路（大致上和NGUI一样）

一、成品

先展现实现后的效果，如下：

功能简介：

物品的添加功能暂时通过摁下X来模拟（在Update()方法中实现）

实现的功能如图所示主要有以下几个

　　根据相应的物品ID添加到背包中 / 如果已有物品则数量+1

　　物品间的拖放交换

　　摁住物品1秒后显示详细信息

二、代码

　　代码分为两部分，背包整体Canvas（InventoryManger）和物品本身的Prefab（InventoryItem）

物品本身的代码是在之前一篇博文的基础上又添加了点东西：

Unity — — UGUI之背包物品拖放

  1 using System.Collections;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using UnityEngine;
  4 using UnityEngine.UI;
  5 
  6 public class InventoryManger : MonoBehaviour {
  7 
  8     public static InventoryManger _instance;
  9     /// <summary>
 10     ///无法获取还未实例化的物体（目前不知道具体方法）
 11     /// 因此用public来获取物体的Prefab
 12     /// </summary>
 13     public InventoryItem item;
 14     public List<GameObject> inventorySlotList = new List<GameObject>();
 15     public Text coinText;
 16 
 17     private Canvas inventory;        //获取到背包，实现隐藏/显示功能
 18     private int coinNum = 200;
 19     private int count;
 20     bool isFull = false;    //判断背包是否满
 21 
 22     public void Awake()
 23     {
 24         //获取到背包的Canvas组件来控制背包开关
 25         //如果整个Gamobject设为UnActive则当背包关闭时无法设置物品信息（#Null# InventoryItem._instance.SetItemInfo(id)）
 26         inventory = this.GetComponent<Canvas>();
 27         inventory.enabled = false;
 28         _instance = this;
 29        
 30     }
 31 
 32     private void Start()
 33     {
 34         coinText.text = coinNum.ToString();
 35     }
 36 
 37     //模拟拾取
 38     // Update is called once per frame
 39     void Update()
 40     {
 41         if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.X))
 42         {
 43             int randomID = Random.Range(1001, 1004);
 44             GetItemID(randomID);
 45         }
 46     }
 47     
 48     /// <summary>
 49     /// 通过ID号实例化Item
 50     /// </summary>
 51     /// <param name="id"> Item的ID号 </param>
 52     public void GetItemID(int id)
 53     {
 54         //思路
 55             //1.先查找所有格子找是否有物体
 56                 //1.1 如果有且ID相等 -> 数量+1，hasFoundItem设为true，跳出循环
 57             //2.如果没找到相应物体，再次遍历所有格子
 58                 //2.1如果有空格子，实例化新物体
 59                 //2.2否则，背包满了
 60 
 61         bool hasFoundItem = false;
 62         foreach (GameObject temp in inventorySlotList)
 63         {
 64             InventoryItem slotChild = temp.GetComponentInChildren<InventoryItem>();
 65             if (slotChild != null && slotChild.IdItem == id)
 66             {
 67                 slotChild.ItemNumPlus();
 68                 isFull = false;
 69                 hasFoundItem = true;
 70                 Debug.Log(">>>> Add Num");
 71                 break;
 72             }
 73         }
 74         
 75         if(hasFoundItem==false)
 76         {
 77             foreach (GameObject temp in inventorySlotList)
 78             {
 79                 InventoryItem slotChild = temp.GetComponentInChildren<InventoryItem>();
 80                 if (slotChild == null && count < inventorySlotList.Count)
 81                 {
 82                     Instantiate(item, temp.transform);
 83                     InventoryItem._instance.SetItemInfo(id);
 84                     count++;
 85                     Debug.Log(">>>> Instantiate");
 86                     isFull = false;
 87                     break;
 88                 }
 89                 else    //(slotChild!=null && slotChild.IdItem != id && && count < inventorySlotList.Count)
 90                 {
 91                     isFull = true;
 92                     Debug.Log("This slot has item : " + "slotChild.id = " + slotChild.IdItem + "  slot = " + temp.name);
 93                     Debug.Log("New ID = " + id);
 94                     Debug.Log(">>> next loop");
 95                 }
 96             }
 97         }
 98         //背包满了
 99         if (isFull)
100         {
101             Debug.Log("bag full");
102         }
103 
104         /// <summary>
105         /// 当没有交换物品功能时的实现方法
106         /// 按照顺序查找
107         /// </summary>
108         //foreach (GameObject temp in inventorySlotList)
109         //{
110         //    InventoryItem slotChild = temp.GetComponentInChildren<InventoryItem>();
111 
112         //    //逻辑
113         //        //if ：1.当前格子无物体且背包未满 — — 实例化新的物品,full暂时设为false，跳出循环
114         //        //else if ：2.当前格子有物体且id相等 — — 物品数 + 1，full暂时设为false，跳出循环
115         //        //else ：3.当前格子有物体且id不等时 — — full暂时设为true，继续循环
116         //    if (slotChild == null && count < inventorySlotList.Count)
117         //    {
118         //        Instantiate(item, temp.transform);
119         //        InventoryItem._instance.SetItemInfo(id);
120         //        count++;
121         //        Debug.Log(">>>> Instantiate");
122         //        isFull = false;
123         //        break;
124         //    }
125         //    else if (slotChild != null && slotChild.IdItem == id)
126         //    {
127         //        slotChild.ItemNumPlus();
128         //        isFull = false;
129         //        Debug.Log(">>>> Add Num");
130         //        break;
131         //    }
132         //    else    //(slotChild!=null && slotChild.IdItem != id)
133         //    {
134         //        isFull = true;
135         //        Debug.Log("This slot has item : " + "slotChild.id = " + slotChild.IdItem + "  slot = " + temp.name);
136         //        Debug.Log(">>> next loop");
137         //    }
138         //}
139     }
140 
141     //显示背包
142     public void ShowInventory()
143     {
144         inventory.enabled = true;
145     }
146 
147     //隐藏背包
148     public void HideInventory()
149     {
150         inventory.enabled = false;
151     }
152 }

InventoryManger

  1 using System.Collections;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using UnityEngine;
  4 using UnityEditor;
  5 using UnityEngine.EventSystems;
  6 using UnityEngine.UI;
  7 
  8 public class InventoryItem : MonoBehaviour, IBeginDragHandler, IDragHandler, IEndDragHandler,IPointerEnterHandler,IPointerDownHandler,IPointerUpHandler
  9 {
 10     public static InventoryItem _instance;
 11 
 12     private float counter = 0f;     //计算摁住时间
 13     private bool isPress = false;   //是否摁住鼠标
 14     private int numItem = 1;        //Item数量
 15     private int NumItem
 16     {
 17         get
 18         {
 19             return numItem;
 20         }
 21         set
 22         {
 23             numItem = value;
 24         }
 25     }         
 26     //必须设为public，否则当未激活时获取不到ID
 27     private int idItem = 0;         //Item的ID
 28     public int IdItem
 29     {
 30         get
 31         {
 32             return idItem;
 33         }
 34         set
 35         {
 36             idItem = value;
 37         }
 38     }
 39 
 40     private Text numText;       //  Item 数量的text
 41     private Image itemImage;      //Item UI 图片
 42     private Transform originalSlot;
 43     private GameObject parent;
 44     private GameObject item;
 45     private float x_item;
 46     private float y_item;
 47     private Vector2 itemSize;
 48     private bool isDragging = false;    //默认设为false,否则OnPointerEnter每帧都会调用，会有bug
 49    
 50     /// <summary>
 51     /// 添加CanvasGroup组件，在物品拖动时blocksRaycasts设置为false;
 52     /// 让鼠标的Pointer射线穿过Item物体检测到UI下层的物体信息
 53     /// </summary>
 54     private CanvasGroup itemCanvasGroup;
 55 
 56     public void Awake()
 57     {
 58         //由于在实例化初始阶段就要获取，因此放在Awake里
 59         //在Start（）中会报空指针
 60         itemImage = this.GetComponent<Image>();
 61         numText = this.GetComponentInChildren<Text>();
 62 
 63         _instance = this;
 64     }
 65     private void Start()
 66     {
 67         itemCanvasGroup = this.GetComponent<CanvasGroup>();
 68         item = this.transform.gameObject;
 69         x_item = item.GetComponent<Image>().GetPixelAdjustedRect().width;    //Image的初始长宽
 70         y_item = item.GetComponent<Image>().GetPixelAdjustedRect().height;
 71 
 72         parent = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("SlotGrid");
 73     }
 74 
 75     
 76     //增加物品数量并更新text显示
 77     public void ItemNumPlus(int num = 1)
 78     {
 79         numItem+=num;
 80         numText.text = numItem.ToString();
 81     }
 82 
 83     //设置物品具体信息
 84     //1.根据ID得到物品信息（GetObjectInfoByID(id)方法）
 85         //2.设置相应的ID号 、图片 、 数量text
 86     public void SetItemInfo(int id)
 87     {
 88         ObjectInfo itemInfo = ObjectsInfo._instance.GetObjectInfoByID(id);
 89         this.idItem = id;       //设置id
 90         itemImage.sprite = Resources.Load<Sprite>(itemInfo.icon_name);
 91         numText.text = numItem.ToString();
 92     }
 93 
 94 
 95     public void OnPointerEnter(PointerEventData eventData)
 96     {
 97         //当鼠标在最外层时（移出背包，Canvas外）
 98         //让物品回到原位
 99         if (eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.depth==0 && isDragging==true)
100         {
101             SetOriginalPos(this.gameObject);
102             return;
103         }
104 
105         //Debug.Log(eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.depth);
106         string objectTag = eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject.tag;
107         Debug.Log("Raycast = "+objectTag);
108 
109        //Item的拖放逻辑
110        if(objectTag!=null && isDragging==true)
111        {
112             
113             if (objectTag == Tags.InventorySlot)   //如果是空格子，则放置Item
114             {
115                 SetCurrentSlot(eventData);
116             }
117             else if (objectTag == Tags.InventoryItem)      //交换物品
118             {
119                 SwapItem(eventData);
120             }
121             else   //如果都不是则返回原位
122             {
123                 SetOriginalPos(this.gameObject);
124             }
125        }
126     }
127 
128     //把Item回归到原来位置
129     public void SetOriginalPos(GameObject gameobject)
130     {
131         gameobject.transform.SetParent(originalSlot);
132         gameobject.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition = originalSlot.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition;
133         itemCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;
134     }
135     
136     //交换两个物体
137     //由于拖放中，正被拖放的物体没有Block RayCast
138     //具体思路：
139         //1.记录当前射线照射到的物体（Item2）
140         //2.获取Item2的parent的位置信息，并把item1放过去
141         //3.把Item2放到Item1所在的位置
142     public void SwapItem(PointerEventData eventData)
143     {
144         GameObject targetItem = eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject;
145         
146         //下面这两个方法不可颠倒，否则执行顺序不一样会出bug
147         //BUG：先把Item2放到了Item1的位置，此时Item1得到的位置信息是传递后的Item2的（原本Item1的位置）
148         //因此会把Item1也放到Item2下，变成都在原本Item1的Slot内
149         SetCurrentSlot(eventData);      
150         SetOriginalPos(targetItem);
151     }
152 
153     //设置Item到当前鼠标所在的Slot
154     public void SetCurrentSlot(PointerEventData eventData)
155     {
156         //如果Slot为空
157         if (eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject.tag==Tags.InventorySlot)
158         {
159             Transform currentSlot= eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject.transform;
160             this.transform.SetParent(currentSlot);
161             //如果只是transform position，图片会默认在左上角顶点处的Anchor
162             //因此这里用anchoredPosition让Item图片填充满Slot
163             this.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition = currentSlot.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition;
164         }
165         else if(eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject.tag == Tags.InventoryItem)
166         {
167             Transform currentSlot = eventData.pointerCurrentRaycast.gameObject.transform.parent;
168             this.transform.SetParent(currentSlot);
169             this.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition = currentSlot.GetComponent<RectTransform>().anchoredPosition;
170         }
171     }
172 
173     public void OnBeginDrag(PointerEventData eventData)
174     {
175         Debug.Log(eventData.pointerPress);
176         originalSlot = this.GetComponent<Transform>().parent;       //每次拖拽开始前记录初始位置
177         isDragging = true;
178         itemCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;
179         item.transform.SetParent(parent.transform, false);
180        
181         // 将item设置到当前UI层级的最下面（最表面，防止被同一层级的UI覆盖）
182         item.transform.SetAsLastSibling();
183        
184         //Item的UI图片自适应改变大小
185         item.GetComponent<RectTransform>().SetSizeWithCurrentAnchors(RectTransform.Axis.Horizontal, x_item);
186         item.GetComponent<RectTransform>().SetSizeWithCurrentAnchors(RectTransform.Axis.Vertical, y_item);
187     }
188 
189     public void OnDrag(PointerEventData eventData)
190     {
191        
192         itemCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;
193         DragPos(eventData);
194         Debug.Log(eventData.pointerPress);
195     }
196 
197     public void OnEndDrag(PointerEventData eventData)
198     {
199         OnPointerEnter(eventData);
200         itemCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = true;
201         isDragging = false;
202         Debug.Log(eventData.pointerPress);
203     }
204 
205     //获取鼠标当前位置，并赋给item
206     private void DragPos(PointerEventData eventData)
207     {
208         RectTransform RectItem = item.GetComponent<RectTransform>();
209         Vector3 globalMousePos;
210         if (RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToWorldPointInRectangle(item.transform as RectTransform, eventData.position, eventData.pressEventCamera, out globalMousePos))
211         {
212             RectItem.position = globalMousePos;
213         }
214     }
215 
216     //摁住1秒后显示文本信息
217     private void Update()
218     {
219         //Image的长宽需要在update里更新一下
220         //防止游戏中改变窗口大小后，拖拽时物品Image出现bug，比例失调
221         x_item = item.GetComponent<Image>().GetPixelAdjustedRect().width;    
222         y_item = item.GetComponent<Image>().GetPixelAdjustedRect().height;
223 
224         if (Input.GetMouseButton(0)&&isPress)
225         {
226             counter += Time.deltaTime;
227             Debug.Log(counter);
228             if(counter>=1)
229             {
230                 ShowItemDetail._instance.ShowDetail(idItem);
231             }
232         }
233     }
234 
235     
236     public void OnPointerDown(PointerEventData eventData)
237     {
238         isPress = true;
239         Debug.Log("Down");
240     }
241     //释放鼠标后隐藏文本
242     public void OnPointerUp(PointerEventData eventData)
243     {
244         Debug.Log("Up");
245         counter = 0;
246         isPress = false;
247         ShowItemDetail._instance.HideDetail();
248     }
249 }